Colonial Sinews of Postcolonial Espionage: India and the Making of Ghana’s External Intelligence Agency, 1958-61

Paliwal, Avinash

Abstract

Based on untapped Indian archives, this article details how Delhi built Accra’s security service in 1958-61. Keen to reduce its dependency on the outgoing British colonial administration, Ghana sought India’s support when both the Cold War rivalry and the Afro-Asian Solidarity were at a peak. In doing so, Ghana inherited a similar set of problems affecting Indian intelligence, which in itself was supported by the British i.e. resorting to colonial policing methods, lack of legislative oversight, and a recruitment system based on partisan loyalties instead of professionalism. The Foreign Service Research Bureau (external intelligence) and the Special Branch (domestic intelligence) effectively secured Ghana’s first prime minister and then president Kwame Nkrumah from real and perceived adversaries. But their methods of functioning fed his authoritarian appetite –ultimately leading to an unceremonious ouster– during a highly turbulent phase in Ghanaian history. The first and only time India helped create, and unofficially lead, another country’s intelligence service, this history sheds light on India and Ghana’s approach towards intelligence in the aftermath of independence.

Citation

Paliwal, A. (2022). Colonial Sinews of Postcolonial Espionage: India and the Making of Ghana’s External Intelligence Agency, 1958-61. The International History Review, 44(4), 914-934. https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2021.1888768

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Feb 8, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Feb 22, 2021
• Publication Date: Oct 1, 2022
• Deposit Date: Feb 17, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 17, 2021
• Journal: The International History Review
• Print ISSN: 0707-5332
• Electronic ISSN: 1949-6540
• Publisher: Taylor and Francis Group
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 44
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 914-934
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2021.1888768
• Keywords: Decolonisation, Intelligence, India, Ghana, Postcolonial
• Publisher URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2021.1888768