How China Views North Korea's Readiness to Reform and Its Influence on China's North Korea Policy in the Post-Cold War Era

Kong, Tat Yan

Abstract

China’s policy of restraint (avoidance of crippling economic sanctions) towards North Korean provocation is typically explained in terms of geopolitical concern with North Korean regime stability. The strategic and diplomatic costs of restraint would suggest the presence of non-geopolitical influences behind China’s approach. Ideational explanations emphasise the persistence of shared socialist identity as well as the traditional Sino-centric worldview as shaping influences. There is much less detailed analysis of how China views North Korea’s political economic evolution and how this view has changed over time to produce fluctuations in the bilateral relationship. In order to capture China’s motivations more fully, I introduce two additional variables, namely China’s view of the state of its own reform path (which provides the domestic context shaping policy towards North Korea), and the extent of North Korea’s readiness to prioritise economic reform. I will then use these variables to explain two contrasting phases which represented the worst (1992–1999) and best (2009–2012) of times in the bilateral relationship in the post-Cold War era. These variables also help us to understand the potentials and limitations of the upturn in bilateral relations which has occurred since 2018.

Citation

Kong, T. Y. (2021). How China Views North Korea's Readiness to Reform and Its Influence on China's North Korea Policy in the Post-Cold War Era. The Pacific Review, 34(1), 85-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2019.1651384

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 31, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Aug 15, 2019
• Publication Date: Jan 1, 2021
• Deposit Date: Jul 31, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 31, 2019
• Journal: The Pacific Review
• Print ISSN: 0951-2748
• Electronic ISSN: 1470-1332
• Publisher: Taylor and Francis Group
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 34
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 85-112
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2019.1651384
• Keywords: China–North Korea relations, ‘economy first’, mono transition, monolithic leadership system, ‘parallel advance’, socialist identity